Ocena biodegradowalności tworzyw sztucznych stosowanych w budownictwie

Open Access (Artykuł w pliku PDF)

citation/cytuj: Liwarska-Bizukojć E. Biodegradability evaluation of plastics used in construction. Materiały Budowlane. 2026. Volume 650. Issue 10. Pages 136-144. DOI: 10.15199/33.2026.10.15

prof. dr hab. inż. Ewa Liwarska-Bizukojć, Politechnika Łódzka, Wydział Budownictwa, Architektury i Inżynierii Środowiska
ORCID: 0000-0003-4510-1369

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DOI: 10.15199/33.2026.10.15
Review paper / Artykuł przeglądowy

Abstract. The aim of this work was to evaluate biodegradability of the plastics which are the most frequently used in construction. In building applications plastics based on fossil raw materials such as PVC, PE, PS are the most often used. All these three polymers are classified as not biodegradable according to the international standards of biodegradability for plastics. However, scientists found microbes capable of partial decomposing of these materials but they have been not widely applied yet. Among bioplastics, PHA, PLA or PBS are the most commonly used in construction. These polymers are classified as biodegradable according to the international standards. However, their complete transformation into simple inorganic compounds requires long time (about 180 days), appropriate fragmentation and environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, oxygen concentration).
Keywords: biodegradation; bioplastics; construction; plastics

Streszczenie. W artykule przedstawiono ocenę podatności tworzyw sztucznych, najczęściej wykorzystywanych w budownictwie, na biodegradację. Należą do nich przede wszystkim tworzywa sztuczne wyprodukowane z surowców kopalnych, a są to PVC, PE lub PS. Te trzy polimery są klasyfikowane jako niebiodegradowalne wg międzynarodowych norm biodegradowalności dotyczących tworzyw sztucznych, ale naukowcom udało się znaleźć mikroorganizmy zdolne do częściowego rozkładu tych materiałów, choć na razie nie mają one zastosowania na szerszą skalę. Spośród bioplastików w budownictwie najczęściej stosowane są PHA, PLA lub PBS. Są to polimery klasyfikowane jako biodegradowalne, wg międzynarodowych norm, ale do pełnego przekształcenia ich w proste związki nieorganiczne potrzeba zwykle dużo czasu (ok. 180 dni), odpowiedniego rozdrobnienia i spełnienia określonych warunków środowiskowych (np. temperatura, stężenie tlenu).
Słowa kluczowe: biodegradacja; biotworzywa sztuczne; budownictwo; tworzywa sztuczne

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Received: 05.06.2026 / Artykuł wpłynął do redakcji: 05.06.2026 r.
Revised: 08.07.2026 / Otrzymano poprawiony po recenzjach: 08.07.2026 r.
Published: 21.10.2026 / Opublikowano: 21.10.2026 r.

Materiały Budowlane 10/2026, strona 136-144 (spis treści >>)